Czechia is one of the arachnologically best researched regions in Europe. So far, 906 spider species have been identified in this country (Buchar and Růžička 2002, Růžička and Buchar 2008, Kůrka et al. 2015, Řezáč et al. 2021). The Czech spider fauna lacks endemic species due to the glacial periods that have occurred. The oldest components of Czech spider fauna are glacial relics that survived in alpine and peat bog habitats and boreal relics that survived in steppe habitats. The Czech spider fauna is thus mainly composed of species with a Palaearctic distribution. Only a very small proportion of the species are endemic to Central Europe; in particular, few Carpathian endemics occur in the mountains in eastern Moravia, and few Pannonian endemics occur in the lowlands in southern Moravia. Many species of natural habitats are disappearing, and 58% of the Czech spider fauna are red listed (Řezáč et al. 2015).
To date, approximately fifty species found in Czechia are considered allochthonous. The majority of them are restricted to buildings. Moreover, some species have colonized the surroundings of buildings. Only a small fraction of spider species introduced to Czechia have invaded natural habitats. In addition to these species introduced by humans, there are also several cases of species that recently expanded their distribution from the south to Czechia, perhaps due to climate warming. According to these criteria we classify the Czech non-native spider species into the following five cathegories. Species identity is based on Nentwig et al. (2023). The nomenclature follows the World Spider Catalog (2023).
History: Absent from the region in the past – new records even from arachnologically well researched sites in the past.
Habitat: Often newly created habitats such as mining areas.
Distribution: Known to occur south of Central Europe, usually absent north of Central Europe.
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Čeleď Araneidae (4x) | |||||||
Argiope | Argiope bruennichi | (Scopoli, 1772) | 1.7.1952, pes, Břeclav | 292 | E | Není ohrožený | |
Larinia | Larinia elegans | Spassky, 1939 | 8.5.2020, Radek Šich, Pasohlávky | 1 | E | ||
Leviellus | Leviellus thorelli | (Ausserer, 1871) | 19.8.2009, Břeclav | 3 | E | Kriticky ohrožený | |
Neoscona | Neoscona adianta | (Walckenaer, 1802) | 12.6.2020, Mgr. Ondřej Machač, Ph.D., Rohatec | 1 | E | ||
Čeleď Cheiracanthiidae (1x) | |||||||
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
Cheiracanthium | Cheiracanthium punctorium | (Villers, 1789) | 1859, František Prach, Praha, č. o. Praha 1 | 28 | E | Není ohrožený | |
Čeleď Dictynidae (2x) | |||||||
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
Brigittea | Brigittea civica | (Lucas, 1850) | 5.9.1954, prof. RNDr. František Miller, DrSc., Brno, č. o. Brno I | 26 | E | Není ohrožený | |
Emblyna | Emblyna brevidens | (Kulczyński, 1897) | 2011, J. Dolanský (viz Pavouk 2012 (č. 32)) | E | Kriticky ohrožený | ||
Čeleď Gnaphosidae (1x) | |||||||
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
Gnaphosa | Gnaphosa modestior | Kulczyński, 1897 | 11.5.2018, Filip Trnka, Mikulov | 5 | E | Kriticky ohrožený | |
Čeleď Linyphiidae (2x) | |||||||
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
Collinsia | Collinsia inerrans | (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) | 1.6.2017, Alice Háková, Kralupy nad Vltavou | 2 | E | ||
Sintula | Sintula spiniger | (Balogh, 1935) | 30.9.2009, Hodonín | 1 | E | Silně ohrožený | |
Čeleď Lycosidae (2x) | |||||||
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
Lycosa | Lycosa singoriensis | (Laxmann, 1770) | 1924, Břeclav | 28 | E | Téměř ohrožený | |
Pardosa | Pardosa nebulosa | (Thorell, 1872) | 13.5.2010, Mgr. Ondřej Machač, Ph.D., Hodonín | 2 | E | Kriticky ohrožený | |
Čeleď Philodromidae (1x) | |||||||
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
Philodromus | Philodromus buxi | Simon, 1884 | 6.5.2023, MUDr. Kryštof Rückl, Mělník | 1 | E | ||
Čeleď Salticidae (1x) | |||||||
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
Heliophanus | Heliophanus simplex | Simon, 1868 | 2013, A. Jelínek (viz Pavouk 2014 (č. 36)) | E | Kriticky ohrožený | ||
Čeleď Theridiidae (2x) | |||||||
Rod | Druh | Popis | První nález | Čtverce | Původnost | Stupeň ohrožení | |
Theridion (2x) | Theridion cinereum | Thorell, 1875 | 2014, J. Dolanský (viz Pavouk 2014 (č. 37)) | E | Není ohrožený | ||
Theridion hannoniae | Denis, 1945 | 29.5.2021, Mgr. Antonín Roušar, Vrskmaň | 3 | E |