Nálezy podle období | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theridiidae | 0-1900 | 1901-1950 | 1951-2000 | 2001+ | ∑ |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) Téměř ohrožený | 8× | 6× | 22× | 48× | 84× |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Není ohrožený | 3× | 9× | 199× | 65× | 276× |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) Není ohrožený | 4× | 27× | 8× | 39× | |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) Není ohrožený | 5× | 28× | 19× | 52× | |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) Není ohrožený | 6× | 45× | 51× |
Heterogeneity of environmental conditions is the crucial factor supporting biodiversity in various habitats, including post-mining sites. The effects of micro-topographic heterogeneity on biodiversity and conservation potential of arthropod communities in post-industrial habitats had not been studied before now. At one of the largest European brown coal spoil heaps, we sampled eight groups of terrestrial arthropods with different life strategies (moths, spiders, ground beetles, ants, orthopteroids, centipedes, millipedes, and woodlice), in successionally young plots (5–18 y), with a heterogeneous wavy surface after heaping, and compared the communities with plots flattened by dozing. A combination of the standardized quantitative sampling, using two different methods, and a paired design of the plot selection enabled a robust analysis. Altogether, we recorded 380 species of the focal arthropods, 15 of them nationally threatened. We revealed the importance of the microtopographic heterogeneity for the formation of the biodiversity of arthropods in their secondary refuges. The communities with higher biodiversity and conservation value were detected in the plots with heterogeneous surfaces; exceptions were ground beetles and millipedes. The surface flattening, often the first step of technical reclamation projects, thus suppress biodiversity of most terrestrial arthropods during the restoration of post-mining sites. Since the communities of both surface types differed, the proportional presence on both surfaces could be more efficient in supporting the local biodiversity. We suggest reducing the surface dozing for the cases with other concerns only, to achieve a proportional representation of both surface types. Such a combination of different restoration approaches would, thus, efficiently support high biodiversity of groups with various needs.
Individuální sběr | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 7 | 16 | 3 | 19 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 57 | 153 | 91 | 142 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 8 | 23 | 5 | 24 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 13 | 15 | 1 | 21 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 10 | 31 | 4 | 23 |
Neurčeno | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 36 | 29 | 10 | 41 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 27 | 37 | 9 | 83 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 8 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 6 | 7 | 0 | 19 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 4 | 11 | 4 | 11 |
Zemní past | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 22 | 9 | 0 | 16 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 12 | 9 | 1 | 14 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Pozorování | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 4 | 12 | 2 | 10 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 2 | 5 | 25 | 5 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 4 | 8 | 5 |
Smyk | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 16 | 18 | 3 | 8 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Eklektor | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 6 | 3 | 7 | 12 |
Fotografie | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 1 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
Prosev | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Žlutá miska | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Sklepávání | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Neurčeno | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 55 | 25 | 10 | 49 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 20 | 35 | 11 | 80 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 2 | 6 | 0 | 12 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 6 | 6 | 0 | 16 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 7 | 21 | 6 | 21 |
Interiéry budov | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 36 | 87 | 58 | 70 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 7 | 16 | 4 | 16 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 19 | 26 | 28 | 35 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 10 | 23 | 6 | 17 |
Vnější stěny budov | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 14 | 19 | 8 | 24 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 6 | 5 | 7 |
Lesy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 4 | 11 | 10 | 22 |
Ruderály | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 21 | 17 | 0 | 12 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Písčiny | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 19 | 2 | 15 |
Lužní lesy nížin | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 12 | 30 | 7 | 11 |
Ovocné sady s luční vegetací | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 3 | 4 | 9 | 8 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Lesní okraje | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Lesy vyšších poloh a strmých svahů | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
Těžebny písku a jiných nezpevněných hornin | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 3 | 8 | 0 | 6 |
Xerotermní travinobylinná společenstva | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Rašeliniště | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Suché louky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Horské smrčiny | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Kamenolomy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Výsadby jehličnanů | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Stinné skály nižších poloh | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Výsadby listnáčů | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Vřesoviště nižších poloh | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Bučiny nižších poloh | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Vlhké doubravy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Dubohabřiny | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Paseky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Těžební jámy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Acidofilní bory | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Zahradnicky utvářené zahrady a parky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Haldy a výsypky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Rákosiny a orobincové porosty stojatých vod | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Polní biotopy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Rašelinné bory | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Ostřicové porosty stojatých vod | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Bylinné porosty břehů | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Obilná pole | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Travnaté stepi | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Skály a sutě v horách | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Vrbové křoviny - vlhké (vrbové) křoviny | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Zahrady | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Okraje silnic | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Lesostepní doubravy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Mokré louky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |