Nálezy podle období | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Theridiidae | 0-1900 | 1901-1950 | 1951-2000 | 2001-2018 | |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) Téměř ohrožený | 8x | 6x | 22x | 38x | 74x |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) Není ohrožený | 3x | 9x | 199x | 34x | 245x |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) Není ohrožený | 4x | 27x | 5x | 36x | |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) Není ohrožený | 5x | 28x | 13x | 46x | |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) Není ohrožený | 6x | 26x | 32x |
Heterogeneity of environmental conditions is the crucial factor supporting biodiversity in various habitats, including post-mining sites. The effects of micro-topographic heterogeneity on biodiversity and conservation potential of arthropod communities in post-industrial habitats had not been studied before now. At one of the largest European brown coal spoil heaps, we sampled eight groups of terrestrial arthropods with different life strategies (moths, spiders, ground beetles, ants, orthopteroids, centipedes, millipedes, and woodlice), in successionally young plots (5–18 y), with a heterogeneous wavy surface after heaping, and compared the communities with plots flattened by dozing. A combination of the standardized quantitative sampling, using two different methods, and a paired design of the plot selection enabled a robust analysis. Altogether, we recorded 380 species of the focal arthropods, 15 of them nationally threatened. We revealed the importance of the microtopographic heterogeneity for the formation of the biodiversity of arthropods in their secondary refuges. The communities with higher biodiversity and conservation value were detected in the plots with heterogeneous surfaces; exceptions were ground beetles and millipedes. The surface flattening, often the first step of technical reclamation projects, thus suppress biodiversity of most terrestrial arthropods during the restoration of post-mining sites. Since the communities of both surface types differed, the proportional presence on both surfaces could be more efficient in supporting the local biodiversity. We suggest reducing the surface dozing for the cases with other concerns only, to achieve a proportional representation of both surface types. Such a combination of different restoration approaches would, thus, efficiently support high biodiversity of groups with various needs.
Individuální sběr | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 5 | 14 | 3 | 15 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 48 | 137 | 87 | 121 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 7 | 22 | 5 | 22 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 11 | 13 | 0 | 16 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 6 | 19 | 3 | 8 |
Zemní past | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 19 | 9 | 0 | 13 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 10 | 7 | 1 | 13 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Smyk | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 16 | 18 | 3 | 8 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Eklektor | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 6 | 3 | 7 | 12 |
Pozorování | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 2 | 3 | 25 | 4 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Fotografie | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 1 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
Prosev | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Žlutá miska | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Sklepávání | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Interiéry budov | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 32 | 75 | 58 | 60 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 4 | 12 | 4 | 11 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 12 | 19 | 27 | 23 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 3 | 12 | 6 | 6 |
Lesy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 4 | 11 | 10 | 22 |
Urbánní biotopy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 20 | 16 | 0 | 11 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
interiéry budov | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 5 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 3 | 6 | 0 | 3 |
Ovocné sady | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 3 | 4 | 9 | 8 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Písečné přesypy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 14 | 2 | 10 |
Lužní lesy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 11 | 22 | 7 | 9 |
Vnější stěny budov | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Lesní okraje | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Sklepy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Lesy vyšších poloh a strmých svahů | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
vnější stěny budov | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Xerotermní travinobylinná společenstva | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Pískovna | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 7 | 0 | 5 |
Xerotermy na jiných podkladech | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Skály nižších a středních výšek | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Rašeliniště a slatiniště | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Kultury listnáčů | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Kamenolom | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Smrkové monokultury | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Lesní paseky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
písčiny | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Acidofilní bory | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Vrbové křoviny, vrbo-topolové (měkké) luhy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 7 | 0 | 1 |
Horské smrčiny | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Rákosiny, orobincové porosty | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Vlhké louky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Těžební jámy | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Přirozené smrčiny (bory a březiny) | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Parky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
skály a sutě v horách | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
zahrady | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Haldy a výsypky | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Acidofilní bukové bučiny | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Cesty, silnice | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Rašelinné březiny a bory | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Porosty vysokých ostřic | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Bylinné porosty na březích potoků a řek | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
obilná pole | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
pískovny | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
ruderály | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Kultury jehličnanů | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Vrchoviště | Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Samci | Samice | Mláďata | Nálezy |