Records by time | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Salticidae | 0-1900 | 1901-1950 | 1951-2000 | 2001+ | ∑ |
Attulus atricapillus (Simon, 1882) Criticaly endangered | 3× | 3× | |||
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) Endangered | 1× | 2× | 49× | 11× | 63× |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) Strongly endangered | 5× | 14× | 19× | ||
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) Strongly endangered | 1× | 6× | 4× | 11× | |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) Almost threatened | 2× | 3× | 147× | 21× | 173× |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) Strongly endangered | 1× | 25× | 32× | 58× | |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) Not endangered | 8× | 5× | 146× | 40× | 199× |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) Almost threatened | 1× | 23× | 9× | 33× | |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) Endangered | 6× | 11× | 9× | 26× | |
Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757) Endangered | 3× | 1× | 5× | 2× | 11× |
Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877) Criticaly endangered | 2× | 3× | 5× |
Taking the regular overwintering of spider species in land snail shells as a model, we studied environmental conditions affecting the choice of overwintering sites in three jumping spider species: Pellenes tripunctatus, Pellenes nigrociliatus, and Attulus penicillatus. The research was conducted at 11 steppe localities on calcareous bedrock with abundant empty shells (mainly Caucasotachea vindobonensis and Xerolenta obvia). We documented 889 shells and collected 186 of them, of which 113 were inhabited by 146 spider individuals (13 species). Our three focal species made up 81.5% of these. We found different environmental preferences between the sexes in Pellenes tripunctatus and Pellenes nigrociliatus. These females preferred shells with more vegetation nearby. In the case of Pellenes tripunctatus, these were shells with a higher proportion of herbs, whereas Pellenes nigrociliatus selected for a higher proportion of moss. In the immediate vicinity of the shells, environmental conditions did not differ significantly. We found insufficient Attulus penicillatus to determine any preferences. We also recorded six overwintering Pellenes tripunctatus individuals in a single shell (in environmental conditions preferred by females), consisting of five females and one male, which indicated an unusual social behavior for these spider species.
V roce 2012–2013 byl proveden první inventarizační průzkum pavouků v NPR Zástudánčí. Na území rezervace bylo zjištěno 117 druhů pavouků z 21 čeledí. Druhy Arctosa cinerea, Caviphantes saxetorum, Clubiona germanica a Sitticus dzieduszyckii jsou zařazeny v červeném seznamu pavouků ČR a jsou zároveň nejvýznamnějšími nálezy. Pavučenka Caviphantes saxetorum je novým druhem pro Českou republiku. Nejzajímavější společenstvo pavouků bylo zjištěno na štěrkových náplavech v meandru řeky Moravy.
Open interior sands represent a highly threatened habitat in Europe. In recent times, their associated organisms have often found secondary refuges outside their natural habitats, mainly in sand pits. We investigated the effects of different restoration approaches, i.e. spontaneous succession without additional disturbances, spontaneous succession with additional disturbances caused by recreational activities, and forestry reclamation, on the diversity and conservation values of spiders, beetles, flies, bees and wasps, orthopterans and vascular plants in a large sand pit in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Out of 406 species recorded in total, 112 were classified as open sand specialists and 71 as threatened. The sites restored through spontaneous succession with additional disturbances hosted the largest proportion of open sand specialists and threatened species. The forestry reclamations, in contrast, hosted few such species. The sites with spontaneous succession without disturbances represent a transition between these two approaches. While restoration through spontaneous succession favours biodiversity in contrast to forestry reclamation, additional disturbances are necessary to maintain early successional habitats essential for threatened species and open sand specialists. Therefore, recreational activities seem to be an economically efficient restoration tool that will also benefit biodiversity in sand pits.
Individuální sběr | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
---|---|---|---|---|
Attulus atricapillus (Simon, 1882) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 9 | 18 | 2 | 18 |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 4 | 8 | 0 | 6 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 39 | 322 | 18 | 57 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 9 | 1 | 2 | 10 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 72 | 34 | 6 | 75 |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757) | 6 | 10 | 4 | 5 |
Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877) | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
Neurčeno | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus atricapillus (Simon, 1882) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 14 |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 5 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 8 | 20 | 0 | 29 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 24 | 11 | 0 | 24 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 22 | 25 | 0 | 73 |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 8 | 6 | 5 | 8 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 2 | 4 | 0 | 9 |
Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Zemní past | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 20 | 16 | 0 | 14 |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 2 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 13 | 19 | 0 | 16 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 26 | 23 | 8 | 19 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 30 | 19 | 5 | 42 |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 31 | 9 | 0 | 19 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 5 | 3 | 0 | 7 |
Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Smyk | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 2 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 51 | 83 | 0 | 51 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 5 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 14 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Prosev | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 14 | 11 | 0 | 12 |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 12 | 25 | 2 | 15 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 3 | 5 | 0 | 4 |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Sklepávání | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Fotografie | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757) | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Žlutá miska | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Neurčeno | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
---|---|---|---|---|
Attulus atricapillus (Simon, 1882) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 10 | 13 | 0 | 21 |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 8 | 6 | 5 | 16 |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 11 | 50 | 2 | 39 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 50 | 28 | 8 | 42 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 43 | 33 | 2 | 102 |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 8 | 6 | 5 | 8 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 9 |
Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Mokré louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 13 | 11 | 1 | 10 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 17 | 74 | 0 | 33 |
Rašeliniště | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 17 | 19 | 1 | 20 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 7 | 23 | 1 | 15 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Kamenité suti nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 25 | 17 | 2 | 29 |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Ostřicové porosty stojatých vod | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 16 | 34 | 0 | 20 |
Močály | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 39 | 142 | 15 | 20 |
Širokolisté horské nivy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 30 | 9 | 0 | 18 |
Vnější stěny budov | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 16 | 8 | 0 | 11 |
Attulus terebratus (Clerck, 1757) | 5 | 12 | 7 | 5 |
Luční ostřicové mokřady | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 4 | 93 | 4 | 11 |
Suché louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 2 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 7 | 8 | 0 | 5 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Písčiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 4 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
Attulus zimmermanni (Simon, 1877) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Lužní lesy nížin | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 14 | 1 | 0 | 8 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Rákosiny a orobincové porosty stojatých vod | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 8 | 39 | 1 | 10 |
Těžebny písku a jiných nezpevněných hornin | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 16 | 4 | 0 | 7 |
Stinné skály nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 10 | 2 | 0 | 8 |
Interiéry budov | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 4 | 4 | 0 | 8 |
Skalní stepi na vápenci | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Ostatní pole | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 5 | 4 | 2 | 5 |
Louky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Stojaté a pomalu tekoucí vody | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
Lesní okraje | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 4 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
Skály a sutě v horách | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus atricapillus (Simon, 1882) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Bylinné porosty břehů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Kamenolomy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Ruderály | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Suťové a roklinové lesy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Lesostepní doubravy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
Porosty borůvek | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Haldy a výsypky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Xerotermní travinobylinná společenstva | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus distinguendus (Simon, 1868) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Mokřadní olšiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
Břehy tekoucích vod | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Osluněné skály nižších poloh | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Výsadby jehličnanů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus caricis (Westring, 1861) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Suché doubravy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Zahradnicky utvářené zahrady a parky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Horské bučiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Skalní a suťové biotopy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Vlhké lesní lemy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Písčité břehy | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus saltator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Reliktní bory na skalách | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Obhospodařované pozemky | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Ovocné sady a vinohrady | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Okraje silnic | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Horské smrčiny | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Vinice | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus dzieduszyckii (L. Koch, 1870) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Jeskyně | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus penicillatus (Simon, 1875) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Výsadby listnáčů | Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |
Attulus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
Males | Females | Juveniles | Records |